What does Christianity and Judaism have in common?

We believe in one God. We believe in the same God who created the heavens and earth. Christians hold to the same historical account as the Jews; but Christianity makes a further-reaching conclusion. Christians view God’s interaction and covenant with Abraham as a Divine plan leading up to the first coming of Jesus Christ, an appearance that would see him becoming the sacrificial Lamb of God to cover the sins of mankind. God’s love for his creation was so infinite that he determined to somehow bridge the immeasurable gap that man had made when he sinned. To this end God made the first covenant with Abraham which included the promise of a future savior, Jesus, who would come through Abraham’s descendants, in the land of promise. While Judaism finds its genesis in Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, its modern-day expression is largely a function of the destruction of the temple in AD 70. Judaism now finds expression in Torah study rather than temple sacrifice.

Branches of Judaism

Orthodox Judaism is best known for its strict dedication to the eternal and unalterable Mosaic Law as interpreted by rabbis subsequent to the fall of Jerusalem. Only through devotion to the complex code of Jewish law can one experience nearness to God. Orthodox Jews await a rebuilt temple, a Jewish Messiah who will restore the kingdom to Israel, and physical resurrection of the dead. Ironically, it is possible to be an Orthodox Jew and yet not believe in the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.

Reformed Judaism is liberal Judaism. There is freedom to decide what Law to observe and seeks to adapt to the modern world in order to preserve Jewish identity amidst the pressures of assimilation. Reform Judaism is reformed and always reforming.

Conservative Judaism is a late-19th century reaction to Reform Judaism. It is a middle way between Orthodox and Reform.

Kabbalists search for mystical meanings and messages in the Torah that allegedly have power to remedy personal and social ills. Kabbalah is a form of Jewish mysticism that is being packaged and popularized for Western consumption. They believe in reincarnation. It has more in common with esotericism and Gnostic cults than with Orthodox Christianity. [ 1 ] 

The signs of Christ are in the Old Testament and are pointing Jews to Christ. 

Isaiah 53:1-12

Who has believed our message? And to whom has the arm of the Lord been revealed? For He grew up before Him like a tender shoot, And like a root out of parched ground; He has no stately form or majesty That we should look upon Him, Nor appearance that we should be attracted to Him.He was despised and forsaken of men, A man of sorrows and acquainted with grief; And like one from whom men hide their face. He was despised, and we did not esteem Him. Surely our griefs He Himself bore, And our sorrows He carried; Yet we ourselves esteemed Him stricken, Smitten of God, and afflicted. But He was pierced through for our transgressions, He was crushed for our iniquities; The chastening for our well-being fell upon Him, And by His scourging we are healed. All of us like sheep have gone astray, Each of us has turned to his own way; But the Lord has caused the iniquity of us all. He was oppressed and He was afflicted, Yet He did not open His mouth; Like a lamb that is led to slaughter, And like a sheep that is silent before its shearers, So He did not open His mouth. By oppression and judgment He was taken away; And as for His generation, who considered that He was cut off out of the land of the living for the transgression of my people, to whom the stroke was due? His grave was assigned with wicked men, Yet He was with a rich man in His death, Because He had done no violence, Nor was there any deceit in His mouth. But the Lord was pleased to crush Him,  putting Him to grief; If He would render Himself as a guilt offering, He will see His offspring, He will prolong His days, And the good pleasure of the Lord will prosper in His hand. As a result of the anguish of His soul, He will see it and be satisfied; By His knowledge the Righteous One, My Servant, will justify the many, As He will bear their iniquities. Therefore, I will allot Him a portion with the great, And He will divide the booty with the strong; Because He poured out Himself to death, And was numbered with the transgressors; Yet He Himself bore the sin of many, And interceded for the transgressors.

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Cited Sources:  The Complete Bible Answer Book by Hank Hanegraaff [ 1 ] ,